On Wednesday, April 2, 2025, the air quality in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) deteriorated, falling into the ‘bad’ category with an Air Quality Index (AQI) reading that exceeded 200. In response, with immediate effect, Stage I of GRAP was reimposed in Delhi-NCR by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM). Based on data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), this decision represents a fresh effort to reduce rising pollution levels in one of India’s most densely inhabited and polluted areas. As the winter months approach—a time known for deteriorating air quality due to stubble burning, vehicle emissions, and weather patterns—authorities and communities prepare for a difficult season ahead.

Stage I Measures Kick Into Action

GRAP Stage I is triggered when the AQI falls between 201 and 300, indicating the necessity for preventive steps to halt future deterioration. This Stage mandates 27 specific actions for dust control, traffic emissions, and industrial pollutants. The CAQM has directed the Pollution Control Boards (PCBs) of the three NCR states (Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan), as well as the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), to implement these measures strictly. Actions include vigorous vehicle inspections, road cleaning to decrease dust, and bans on open rubbish burning. Stage I of GRAP was reimposed in Delhi-NCR, and the GRAP Sub-Committee has also urged citizens to do their part by following the Citizen Charter, which promotes practices such as carpooling, taking public transportation, and avoiding fireworks. This collaborative approach seeks to address the region’s numerous sources of pollution, ranging from construction dust to biomass burning.

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AQI Fluctuations Quick Response

Stage I has been reinstated barely days after a brief respite. On March 29, the CAQM lifted these limitations after Delhi’s AQI improved to 153, placing it in the ‘moderate’ category. However, the latest spike—attributed to shifting weather patterns and increased emissions—has undone that gain, returning the AQI to the ‘bad’ zone. This oscillation highlights the sensitivity of air quality improvements in Delhi-NCR, where gains can be quickly reversed by seasonal changes or human activity. Authorities have committed to closely monitoring daily AQI values, with the risk of moving to higher GRAP stages if pollution levels rise further. Stage II, for example, begins with an AQI of 301-400 and imposes even stricter restrictions, such as prohibitions on coal-fired heating and diesel generation.

Stage I of GRAP reimposed in Delhi-NCR is at a familiar crossroads. The CAQM’s proactive position reflects knowledge that air pollution is a long-term public health concern in the region, connected to respiratory ailments and lower life expectancies. However, these measures’ effectiveness depends on enforcement and public collaboration, both of which have been challenged in the past. As monitoring continues, the region’s capacity to balance economic activity and environmental health will be tested in the coming weeks. For the time being, residents are encouraged to stay aware and contribute to cleaner air while authorities fight to keep the AQI from reaching the very poor’ or severe’ levels that have plagued the city in previous years.

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