The most recent bulletin from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) states that April 2025 was the second-warmest April ever. At 14.96°C, the world’s surface air temperature was 0.60°C warmer than the average for 1991–2020. Despite being somewhat colder than the warmest April on record, April 2024, it was still 1.51°C warmer than pre-industrial levels (1850–1900). The first four months of 2025 mark warmest on record, and as a result, 21 of the past 22 months have seen temperatures surpass the crucial 1.5°C barrier.

With an average temperature 1.58°C above pre-industrial levels, the twelve-month span from May 2024 to April 2025 was the warmest on record. According to C3S authorities, the continuation of a run of unusually warm months in April 2025 highlighted the significance of climate monitoring in comprehending and reacting to rapid environmental changes.

Regional Temperature Extremes and Hydrological Imbalances

April 2025 was the sixth-warmest month in Europe, with an average temperature of 9.38°C, 1.01°C higher than the baseline from 1991 to 2020. The strongest warm anomalies were in Kazakhstan, Norway, western Russia, and eastern Europe. On the other hand, temperatures in northern Fennoscandia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Türkiye were lower than usual.

The Russian Far East, west-central Asia, North America, portions of Australia, and Antarctica saw warmer-than-usual temperatures in other regions. On the other hand, temperatures were below normal in places including southern South America, eastern Canada, northern Australia, and eastern Antarctica.

Extremes in hydrology were also visible. While southern Europe, northern Norway, and western Russia saw above-average rainfall, central and eastern Europe, Great Britain, and southern Fennoscandia experienced dry weather. Severe precipitation caused avalanches, landslides, and floods in the Alps. While drought struck regions of South America, Central Asia, Southern Australia, and Western North America, severe rains and flooding were recorded in Canada, Alaska, South Africa, and northern Australia.

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Record Sea Surface Temperatures and Shrinking Sea Ice

Sea surface temperatures (SST) worldwide continued to be exceptionally high. The average April SST in 2025 was 20.89°C, slightly below 2024 values and the second-highest April SST on record. The Mediterranean Sea was still much above average, while the northeast North Atlantic was still shattering records for temperature. The first four months of 2025 mark the warmest on record, a trend mirrored in oceanic heat content and global sea surface data.

Additionally, sea ice levels were lower than usual. This was the sixth-lowest April sea ice extent in the 47-year satellite record, with the Arctic sea ice extent 3% below the long-term normal. Sea ice in the Antarctic was 10% below normal, with significant regional variations.

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