India is facing one of its most alarming climate years on record, with the latest national assessment revealing that extreme weather gripped 99% of days in India during the first nine months of 2025. The “Climate India 2025” research, published by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) and Down To Earth magazine, demonstrates that the country is experiencing unprecedented weather instability due to rapidly worsening climate change, driven by the steepest global CO₂ rise since 1957. India saw extreme weather on 270 out of 273 days between January and September alone. Heatwaves, floods, storms, and landslides occurred virtually continuously throughout the country.

Unprecedented Frequency Across States and Seasons

Extreme weather gripped 99% of days in India, according to the evaluation, demonstrating how profoundly climate disruption has affected day-to-day living.

Key findings include:

• Extreme weather in 7 of 9 months: Every day in February, April, May, June, July, August, and September saw extreme incidents.
• All 36 states and UTs impacted: This is the first occasion in four years that intense events occurred nationwide at the same time.
• Severe anomalies: Severe abnormalities included heat waves, cold waves, lightning, snowfall, dust storms, squalls, torrential rainfall, floods, and landslides.
• The most extended period of impact: 8 months in a row of harsh weather were experienced across 30 states and UTs.

The analysis, which shows a broad and consistent pattern rather than individual spikes, is based on official databases and nearly real-time event tracking. Such catastrophes are considered “rare occurrences” in a normal climate cycle, according to the IPCC, but they have grown frighteningly familiar in India.

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Regional Hotspots and State-Level Impact

Region-wise trends reveal deep vulnerabilities, further proving that extreme weather gripped 99% of days in India during the assessment period.

Key regional patterns include:

• Northwest India is the worst affected: Out of 273 extreme weather days, 257 occurred in this region, which includes Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
• Himachal Pradesh is most impacted: Most affected, with 217 days of extreme weather, which is indicative of the increasing fragility of Himalayan ecosystems.
• Kerala and Madhya Pradesh were also heavily affected: Severely impacted, with storm occurrences and heavy rainfall patterns for 147 and 144 days, respectively.
• Unusual geographies hit: Several first-time or uncommon events occurred in areas typically not vulnerable to harsh conditions, demonstrating the expanding geographic distribution.

The top three most affected states from January to September of 2025 are shown below, broken down by state:

According to the “Climate India 2025” study, climatic stress is becoming more frequent, severe, and widespread, putting tremendous strain on the nation’s infrastructure, communities, and disaster response systems.

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