Bioremediation is a biotechnology branch that uses different living microbes such as fungi, bacteria, aerobes, or anaerobes to convert the highly toxic substance into less toxic substances present in the water and soil.
As the population grows, so does the demand for products, which increases the industrial load, thereby putting stress on the environment. Such loads also degrade the quality of various natural resources.
Our environment is polluted by various organic and inorganic compounds, primarily anthropogenic in origin. These pollutants are released from various industries like automobiles, smelting, tanneries, mining, pesticides, and many more.
Microbial bioremediation is the biodegradation process of pollutants using micro-organisms or their derivatives like enzymes and bio-surfactants to remediate the contaminated environment.
Biostimulation is one of the aspects of the bioremediation technique, which is eco-friendly, highly efficient, and cost-effective. This remediation method introduces rate-limiting nutrient elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen at the heavily polluted site.
Bioaugmentation is the eco-friendly practice, which is the introduction of cultured microbes in the subsurface region for microbial degradation of the contaminants present in the soil or water.
Phytoremediation is a process of remediation of a contaminated site like soil and water with the help of plants. In this process, the plants used can withstand polluted sites can degrade the pollutant or convert them into less toxic substances from more toxic substances and accumulate inside the body or precipitate in the root zone.